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ORIGINAL GRAPHICS
A predetermined number of images are
created by an artist working in a printmaking medium, such as etching, lithography and
serigraphy. Original graphics are produced on a master plate, stone, or screen one at a
time using a graphic press.
LIMITED EDITION
A predetermined number of impressions are produced from a master plate, stone, or other
method, after which no more impressions are allowed. The edition size is the sum of all
numbered pieces
SIGNED
AND NUMBERED
In a limited edition, the artist pencils in his signature and a number on the bottom of
the print. The number appears as a fraction---such as 10/70. This indicates that the work
is the 10th print to be signed in this edition of 70 prints.
ARTIST'S PROOF
In addition to the regular numbered edition, the artist usually selects a specified number
of identical proofs for either his or her own use, for a museum, or as the artist chooses.
These proofs may be designed as artist's proofs (AP, or EA in French and PA in Spanish),
printer's proofs (PP), or hors d'commerce (HC) images.
ETCHING
A sharp needle is use to draw a design on a metal plate that has been coated with an
acid-resistant substance (ground). The plate is then put into an acid bath, and the
exposed parts are etched (eaten away), producing sunken lines. In printing, the ink
settles in the sunken areas and the plate is wiped clean. After this process, the plate is
covered with damp paper and passed through a roller press, forcing the paper in the sunken
area to receive the ink.
LITHOGRAPH
The artist draws, usually with a greasy crayon, directly on a flat stone or specially
prepared metal plate. The stone is dampened with water, then inked. The ink will cling to
the greasy crayon marks, but not to the dampened areas. When a paper is pressed against
the stone, the ink on the greasy parts is transferred to it.
GICLEE (ZHEE-CLAY)
Like offset
lithographs, giclée prints start with an original painting. A transparency or
original is scanned into a computer, where it can be color corrected, stored digitally and
printed out as needed on an Iris printer. A series of tiny nozzles spray the paper, which
is mounted on a rotating drum, with a fine stream of ink-more than four million droplets
per second. Because there are no screens involved, giclée prints have a
higher resolution than offset lithographs, where each dot of color is encircled by white
space. Also, the inks are sprayed as droplets rather than dots; each droplet bleeds into
the paper creating more of continuous tone than dot pattern.
SERIGRAPH
The artist prepares a tightly stretched screen, usually of silk, and blocks out areas not
to be printed by filling the mesh on the screen with a varnish-like substance. Paper is
placed under the screen, and ink is forced through the still-open mesh onto the paper by
means of a squeegee.
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Last revised:
January 30, 2008
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